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| Persuasive Appeals |
Appeal |
Definition |
ETHOS |
A presentation of the writer’s credibility or a deliberate attack on the credibility of another author. A conscientious appeal to the reader’s appreciation of credentials and or professional experience. |
PATHOS |
A deliberate appeal to the reader’s emotions. Common emotions appealed to by writers include: pity, sympathy, fear, guilt, compassion, love, etc. |
LOGOS
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A deliberate appeal to the reader’s sense of logic, need for factual proof or reasonable sense. |
Factual Example (FE): an example presented as a reliable “fact” to support the author’s main idea, although there is no source offered to prove its truth.
Expert Testimony (ET): Either a quotation or a summary from an individual person or professional agency with expertise/experience/knowledge of the topic.
Statistic (S): Evidence that cites specific numbers/percentages/dates. This evidence may or may not be a part of expert testimony.
Personal/Anecdotal Experience (PE or AE): A story from the author’s personal history or observation used in support of the main idea.
Commonly Held Assumption/Belief (A/B): An inclusive statement presented about human nature or human behavior as if all readers would be in agreement with the author.
Author Opinion (AO): A statement regarding the author’s personal beliefs without proof.
